Cavities Explained: What You Need to Know About Dental Caries

Cavities, or dental caries, are permanent tooth damage caused by decay. Learn the causes, symptoms, and prevention to protect your oral health.

Dental Caries

Dental caries is a disease that damages the tooth's structure. It begins with the demineralization of the tooth enamel and can progress to deeper layers of the tooth if left untreated. Eventually, it may result in pain, infection, or even tooth loss.

How Do Cavities Form?

• Bacteria in the Mouth: Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus are two types of bacteria primarily responsible for caries.
• Sugars and Starches: These bacteria feed on fermentable carbohydrates (like sugars), producing acids as a byproduct.
• Acid Attack: The acids demineralize the enamel, weakening the tooth structure.
• Time: Repeated acid attacks over time can lead to visible cavities and decay.

Risk Factors

• Poor oral hygiene
• Frequent snacking on sugary or acidic foods
• Dry mouth or low saliva flow
• Lack of fluoride
• Deep pits and fissures in teeth
• Age (both very young and older adults are more at risk)

Signs and Symptoms

• White spots (early stage)
• Brown or black holes in teeth
• Sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods
• Toothache or pain when biting
• Bad breath or unpleasant taste in the mouth

Preventive Measures

• Brush Twice a Day: Use fluoride toothpaste to help strengthen your enamel.
• Floss Daily: Remove food particles and plaque between teeth.
• Limit Sugary Foods and Drinks: Especially sticky snacks and sodas.
• Regular Dental Visits: Professional cleanings and early detection are crucial.
• Drink Water: Especially fluoridated water, to rinse away acids and bacteria.
• Consider Dental Sealants: These can protect the chewing surfaces of molars.

Various Treatment Options

• Fluoride Treatments: To reverse early decay.
• Fillings: To repair cavities.
• Crowns: For larger areas of decay.
• Root Canals: If decay has reached the pulp of the tooth.
• Tooth Extraction: In severe cases where the tooth cannot be saved.

Conclusion

Dental caries is a slow yet destructive process. By following proper preventive measures and seeking timely treatment, you can protect and preserve your teeth for the long term.